Reading Materials

INCLUSION. DIVERSITY. EQUITY. ANTI-RACISM. SOCIAL JUSTICE

Values

• Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. The psychology of change: self-afirmation and social psychological intervention. Annu Rev Psychol, 2014. 65, 333-371. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115137 PDF
• Moyo, M., Goodyear-Smith, F. A., Weller, J., Gillian, R., & Shulruf, B. Healthcare practitioners’ personal and professional values. Adv in Health Sci Educ 21, 257–286.

Bias/Stereotypes

• Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017 Apr 8;389(10077):1453-1463. PDF
• Dovidio, J. & Ikizer, E. Discrimination. Oxford Bibliographies 2019. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780199828340-0233
• Hafer, C. & Choma, B. Belief in a Just World, Perceived Fairness, and Justification of the Status Quo. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir. Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification. 2009 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.003.005.
• Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2016. doi:10.1073/pnas.1516047113 PDF
• Hutchings, P. B., & Haddock, G. Look black in anger: The role of implicit prejudice in the categorization and perceived emotional intensity of racially ambiguous faces. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2008. 44, 1418 –1420.
• Klein, G. (May, 2019). The curious case of confirmation bias. Psychology Today.
• Shapiro, J. R., Ackerman, J. M., Neuberg, S. L., Maner, J. K., Vaughn Becker, D., Kenrick, D. T. Following in the wake of anger: when not discriminating is discriminating. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2009. 35(10), 1356-1367. doi:10.1177/0146167209339627 PDF
• Ellis J, Otugo O, Landry A, Landry A. Interviewed while Black. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 17;383(25):2401-2404. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2023999. Epub 2020 Nov 11 PDF

History

• Shadravan SM, Bath E. Invoking History and Structural Competency to Minimize Racial Bias. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2019 Mar;47(1):2-6. PDF
• Chakraborty, R. (2017). The US Medical System is still haunted by slavery. Vox.

Strategies

• Owens DC, Fett SM. Black Maternal and Infant Health: Historical Legacies of Slavery. Am J Public Health. 2019 Oct;109(10):1342-1345. PDF
• Hardeman RR, Karbeah J, Kozhimannil KB. Applying a critical race lens to relationship-centered care in pregnancy and childbirth: An antidote to structural racism. Birth. 2020 Mar;47(1):3-7 PDF
• Metzl JM, Hansen H. Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2014 Feb;103:126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032 PDF
• Van Ryn M. Avoiding Unintended Bias: Strategies for Providing More Equitable Health Care. Minn Med. 2016 Mar-Apr;99(2):40-3, 46. PDF

University of Washington and UW Medicine Resources

• University of Washington 2018 Diversity Metrics Data Book. Board of Regents Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Advisory Committee PDF
• UW Medicine. Healthcare Equity Blueprint PDF

Medical Education

• March C, Walker LW, Toto RL, Choi S, Reis EC, Dewar S. Experiential Communications Curriculum to Improve Resident Preparedness When Responding to Discriminatory Comments in the Workplace. J Grad Med Educ. 2018 Jun;10(3):306-310. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-17-00913.1 PDF
• Cruz D, Rodriguez Y, Mastropaolo C. Perceived microaggressions in health care: A measurement study. PLoS One. 2019 Feb 5;14(2):e0211620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211620 PDF
• Talamantes E, Henderson MC, Fancher TL, Mullan F. Closing the Gap – Making Medical School Admissions More Equitable. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 28;380(9):803-805. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1808582 PDF
• McKinley SK, Wang LJ, Gartland RM, Westfal ML, Costantino CL, Schwartz D, Merrill AL, Petrusa E, Lillemoe K, Phitayakorn R; Massachusetts General Hospital Gender Equity Task Force. “Yes, I’m the Doctor”: One Department’s Approach to Assessing and Addressing Gender-Based Discrimination in the Modern Medical Training Era. Acad Med. 2019 Nov;94(11):1691-1698. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002845 PDF

Diversity in the Workforce

• Llorens A, Tzovara A, Bellier L, Bhaya-Grossman I, Bidet-Caulet A, Chang WK, Cross ZR, Dominguez-Faus R, Flinker A, Fonken Y, Gorenstein MA, Holdgraf C, Hoy CW, Ivanova MV, Jimenez RT, Jun S, Kam JWY, Kidd C, Marcelle E, Marciano D, Martin S, Myers NE, Ojala K, Perry A, Pinheiro-Chagas P, Riès SK, Saez I, Skelin I, Slama K, Staveland B, Bassett DS, Buffalo EA, Fairhall AL, Kopell NJ, Kray LJ, Lin JJ, Nobre AC, Riley D, Solbakk AK, Wallis JD, Wang XJ, Yuval-Greenberg S, Kastner S, Knight RT, Dronkers NF. Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions. Neuron. 2021 Jul 7;109(13):2047-2074 PDF
• Wijesingha, R. & Ramos, H. (2017). Human Capital or Cultural Taxation: What Accounts for Differences in Tenure and Promotion of Racialized and Female Faculty? Canadian Journal of Higher Education / Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur, 47 (3), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.7202/1043238ar PDF
• Doll KM, Thomas CR Jr. Structural Solutions for the Rarest of the Rare – Underrepresented-Minority Faculty in Medical Subspecialties. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 16;383(3):283-285. doi: 10.1056/NEJMms2003544 PDF
• Freund KM, Raj A, Kaplan SE, Terrin N, Breeze JL, Urech TH, Carr PL. Inequities in Academic Compensation by Gender: A Follow-up to the National Faculty Survey Cohort Study. Acad Med. 2016 Aug;91(8):1068-73. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001250 PDF
• Powers BW, White AA, Oriol NE, Jain SH. Race-Conscious Professionalism and African American Representation in Academic Medicine. Acad Med. 2016 Jul;91(7):913-5. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001074 PDF
• Zhang A. Do Individuals from Low-Income Families Belong in Medicine? (Yes!)